Key Takeaways

  • Composting vegetable scraps and peels can significantly reduce waste and provide nutrient-rich compost for your plants.
  • Items like burlap coffee bags, paper napkins, and post-it notes can also be composted, reducing waste and benefiting the environment.
  • Materials such as hay, old spices, pet hair, and pine needles are suitable for composting, enriching your compost pile and improving soil health.

If you're fortunate enough to have a backyard, composting can be an eco-friendly and rewarding practice. It not only reduces waste headed for landfills but also provides a nutrient-rich compost that enhances the growth of your potted plants and flowerbeds.

Composting involves turning food scraps, plant materials, and biodegradable items into valuable soil that boosts plant health. While many are aware of composting vegetable scraps and peels, a wide range of materials can be composted to achieve the perfect balance. Learn more about some things you can compost and some which you shouldn't, as they won't decompose and can harm your pile.

136 Things You Can Compost

To assist you in starting your compost heap and ensuring you make the right choices, here's a comprehensive list of items you can compost.

1. Vegetables

 Companion Planting of Vegetables

Composting vegetables is a great starting point for creating black gold for your garden. Fresh, cooked, frozen, or moldy vegetables — all are suitable for your compost heap. In the United States, 119 billion pounds of food gets wasted each year.

Instead of sending it to landfills, turning it into compost is a much better alternative. Consider using a small storage bin in your kitchen that you can use to compost your food scraps. Placing your compost heap near the kitchen door can also encourage regular composting, reducing the effort involved in waste disposal.

2. Coffee Bags (Made From Burlap Sacks)

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Image credits: jakerome via Openverse

Burlap coffee sacks are a great way to reduce waste and help the environment. Burlap is a natural fiber that is compostable, so you can save it from the trash can and use it to mulch your garden or cover your compost heap.

These sacks make great mulch because they are breathable and allow water and air to reach the soil. You can even get burlap coffee sacks for free from major coffee chains. You can approach major coffee chains for free burlap sacks if you need larger bags; a sustainable and practical solution to reduce waste!

3. Paper Napkins

Paper napkins are a convenient way to clean up after a party, but they can also be wasteful. If you choose recyclable, unbleached paper napkins, you can help reduce waste and protect the environment.

When you're shopping for paper napkins, look for ones that are labeled as "recyclable" and "unbleached." Unbleached paper is made without chlorine, which is a harmful chemical that can pollute the environment.

You can also find compostable paper napkins, which are made from materials that can be broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms. These napkins can be composted in your own backyard or at a local composting facility.

By choosing recyclable, unbleached, or compostable paper napkins, you can help reduce waste and protect the environment. So, the next time you're planning a party, be sure to choose napkins that are good for the planet.

4. Post-it Notes

Believe it or not, post-it notes can be composted! Those neon squares, often littering your desk with catty notes or to-do lists, are entirely suitable for mulching down with other waste. The non-toxic glue used in Post-it notes will break down over time, just like ordinary paper, making them a perfect addition to your compost heap. So, the next time you have a cleanup, don't hesitate to toss those Post-it notes onto the compost pile!

5. Hay

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Image credits: Special via Openverse

Even if you don't live on a farm, you'll likely encounter hay, especially if you use it for animal bedding. The good news is hay can go straight on your compost heap. It's essentially dried-up grass, and similar to grass clippings, it's safe and beneficial for composting. Hay is even more nutrient-rich since it's harvested before seeds drop. Just ensure you maintain the right balance of various organic materials in your compost for optimal results. When composting hay, the ratio is 15 to 30 parts hay to one part green material like green leaves, kitchen scraps, or grass clippings.

6. Old Spices

In every home, there's that cupboard filled with forgotten cans and tins and some jars of dried-up spices stuck together. Before you toss them, know that these spices can go straight to your compost heap. Since all spices come from natural sources like plants and nuts, they will biodegrade and break down over time. So, go ahead and clear out that cupboard! Your compost will thank you.

7. Pet Hair

Dealing with pet hair can be a challenge, but don't just sweep it up and throw it away. Instead, consider composting it. Pet hair is an excellent source of nitrogen for your compost heap, classified as a "green" compost material alongside leaves and kitchen waste.

So, don't let that fur go to waste! If you don't have furry pets of your own, you can always ask a local dog groomer for some pet hair to enrich your compost pile. Embrace this eco-friendly solution to make the most of your pet's hair and contribute to a healthier composting process.

8. Pine Needles

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Pine needles are excellent for composting, just like grass clippings, as they are organic matter. Although they decompose more slowly, they are still a valuable addition to your compost pile. Initially, their acidic pH level is between 3.2 and 3.8, but after composting, pine needles become pH neutral, making them safe for your garden.

An additional benefit is that pine needles don't compact, allowing air to circulate through your compost heap. This circulation is beneficial for the soil in the long term. So, don't hesitate to add pine needles to your compost and reap the rewards of nutrient-rich soil for your garden.

9. Popcorn (Popped or Unpopped)

When you have leftover popcorn kernels or burnt pieces that aren't suitable for eating, don't toss them in the landfill. Instead, consider adding them to your compost heap. Whether unpopped or popped, popcorn can be composted, even if it's covered in salt or butter.

However, be cautious about adding large amounts of added sugar or butter, as they may attract ants or other pests to your compost pile. With this eco-friendly solution, you can turn popcorn waste into nutrient-rich compost for your garden.

10. Potash Rock

Adding a rock-like substance, such as potash, to your compost pile may seem peculiar, but it's a time-honored practice for enhancing garden soil.

The name "potash" originates from the old term for potassium and the extraction process. Wood ash was soaked in old pots to separate the potassium from the mash, giving rise to the name "pot-ash."

Potassium is a crucial nutrient for plants. It influences the plant's water uptake, nutrient transport, enzyme activation, and various metabolic processes, all of which make potash a brilliant addition to your backyard. By incorporating this natural fertilizer into your compost or garden soil, you nourish your plants with essential elements for healthy growth.

11. Dust and Dirt From Behind Your Refrigerator

The dust and dirt that accumulates in your home is predominantly organic matter, including dead skin, pet hair, dirt from outside, and even food crumbs and plant matter. So, when you find a pile of dirt and dust behind your fridge or empty your vacuum cleaner, don't worry! Instead, gather it up and head outside to your compost heap. It is perfectly fine to compost these natural materials, contributing to a healthier and more sustainable composting process.

12. Wood Chippings

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Image credits: Waughd via Openverse

Wood chippings are a valuable addition to your compost heap, providing extra nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and calcium and aiding moisture retention in flowerbeds and around shrubs. If you have leftover wood chippings or recently trimmed or cut down a tree in your garden, consider using the wood to create fresh chippings and sprinkle them directly into your compost heap. This eco-friendly practice will not only help reduce waste but also contribute to the overall health and richness of your compost.

13. Bee Droppings

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Image credits: toholio via Openverse

For apiarists or those with a colony of bees in their backyard, bee droppings might be a common sight. If you're surrounded by bees, their droppings are rich in pollen and nitrogen, making them a fantastic contribution to your compost and soil cultivation. Embrace this opportunity to harness the natural benefits of your bee friends and enhance the health of your compost and garden.

14. Leaves

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Composting leaves can significantly enrich your compost heap, but to maximize their benefits, break them down into smaller pieces. As soon as leaves fall, gather them from the ground and use a trimmer or lawnmower to chop them into smaller fragments. This aids quicker decomposition and results in darker, more nutrient-rich soil. Be cautious not to include diseased leaves, as they can contaminate your compost.

15. Spent Matches

Wood is a natural material that will readily break down and integrate with the soil over time. As for the chemicals in the match tip, there's no need to worry. Although the phosphorous on the match tip is a chemical, it occurs naturally and is safe to add to your soil through composting. Once burnt, the match tip transforms into carbon, which is also a suitable addition to your compost heap.

16. Hops

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Whether you're a home brewer or simply have hops growing in your garden, know that hops can be composted. Despite their antibacterial properties, they can still be added to your compost heap in small amounts. Just remember to sprinkle them on top rather than adding armfuls. This eco-friendly practice allows you to put those hops to good use, contributing to the richness and health of your compost and ultimately benefiting your garden.

17. Chicken Manure

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Chicken manure is a rich source of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that can make your grass lusher and greener when they roam around your secure backyard. When cleaning out their roosting area at night, you'll likely encounter large amounts of straw filled with chicken manure. Instead of wasting this valuable resource, add it to your compost heap. By doing so, you'll give your compost a substantial boost of vitamins and nutrients, creating nutrient-rich soil that will benefit your garden tremendously.

18. Vegetables Damaged by Freezer Burn

Don't let moldy or frozen vegetables deter you from composting them. Even if the vegetables are still frozen, it is perfectly safe to add them to your compost heap without thawing them. Freezer burn occurs when vegetables are not adequately wrapped, causing water molecules to seep into the vegetable. However, since it is just water, it poses no harm and can be safely thrown onto the compost heap.

Small amounts of vegetable mold will not harm your compost pile and can be a natural part of the decomposition process. Mold helps break down organic matter and contributes to the overall composting process.

19. Old, Dried Herbs

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If you have a cupboard full of dried-out and unappetizing herbs that you're not going to use, don't let them go to waste! Instead, add them to your compost heap. Even if they may not be suitable for cooking anymore, dried herbs can still contribute valuable nutrients to your compost. Treat them like dried grass clippings, and they will add an extra layer of goodness to your compost pile. Plus, they might even give your compost heap a pleasant aroma.

20. Freezer-Burned Fruit

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If your fruit, especially soft varieties like blackberries and raspberries, has become frozen and inedible due to its high water content, toss it into your compost bin. Fruit that has turned into an ice block in the freezer can be a valuable addition to your compost heap, providing nutrients and organic matter to enrich your garden soil.

21. Bird Droppings From Caged Birds

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Image credits: LianaAn via Openverse

When changing the lining of your bird's cage with newspaper, you can later roll up the used newspaper and add it directly to your compost. The bird droppings are nutrient-rich, and the newspaper breaks down quickly in the composting process. Even the birdseed that your pet drops is suitable for composting.

22. Kitchen Rolls and Paper Towels

Just like paper napkins, kitchen rolls, and paper towels are excellent additions to your compost. Since they are derived from plants, they will break down relatively quickly.

To ensure the health of your compost, use uncolored and undyed paper towels made of pure paper, avoiding plastic-coated ones that won't break down. Opt for recycled paper towels or kitchen rolls, as they are free from unnatural chemicals. Even the cardboard inner tubes can be composted along with the paper towels.

23. Waste From Home Brewing

Instead of letting beer grains and hops end up in landfills, they can be put to better use in your compost heap. These leftovers are safe to compost, but add them sparingly. Aim for a ratio of about one part grains or hops to three parts carbon materials, such as dried leaves or newspapers. This balanced mix ensures proper composting and helps create nutrient-rich compost for your garden.

24. Grass Cuttings

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Image credit: Lakeisha Ethans for Backyard Boss

Adding grass clippings to your compost heap is a time-tested and effective practice. However, maintain the right balance and aeration to ensure successful composting. Avoid adding an excessive amount of grass clippings compared to other materials in your compost mix. A 2 to 1 ratio with brown materials like dried leaves is ideal. Let the grass clippings dry out for a day or two before adding them to the compost heap. Ensure your compost heap is well aerated to aid the breakdown process. Turning over the compost pile with a fork or shovel every week or so can help promote quick and even decomposition.

25. Hoof and Horn Meal

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Hoof and horn meal is an excellent and natural fertilizer that improves soil structure and encourages strong and healthy root growth in plants. As an organic and natural product, it provides a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to industrial fertilizers that may contain harsh chemicals. It's also high in nitrogen which helps plants produce chlorophyll, promote energy transfer, and boost overall growth.

26. Fish Damaged by Freezer Burn

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Fish that has been left in the freezer for too long and lost its taste or has freezer burn can be composted. Instead of throwing it in the waste bin, consider adding it to your compost heap without thawing it. Fish will add nitrogen to your compost pile. However, keep in mind that while your compost loves the food scraps, so do animals. To avoid attracting unwanted visitors, use a compost bin or have some sort of cover over your compost heap. This will help deter animals from raiding your compost and ensure that the food scraps break down naturally, contributing to nutrient-rich compost for your garden.

27. Seaweed and Kelp

Seaweed and kelp have numerous benefits for your garden. They are rich sources of nutrients and minerals like iron, calcium, and potassium that stimulate plant growth, making them excellent additions to your soil. Moreover, seaweed and kelp have no weed seeds or other contaminants, ensuring a clean and beneficial contribution to your garden.

They are high in carbohydrates, which aid in plant growth, and are free from diseases that could harm land plants, making them ideal for use in your garden. Next time you visit the beach, consider collecting some seaweed and kelp to boost the health and vitality of your garden.

28. Leather Dust or Scraps From Leather Making

If you are a leatherworker or create items like purses, handbags, and wallets from leather, you may have leftover scraps and bits from the manufacturing process. Rather than letting these go to waste, you can add them to your compost heap. Keep in mind that leather does break down slowly, so add it in small quantities to the overall compost mixture. By composting leather scraps, you contribute to a more sustainable approach to dealing with leftover materials and create nutrient-rich compost for your garden.

29. Molasses

Molasses, with its sticky and sweet texture, has a plethora of health benefits for humans. However, it also proves to be an excellent addition to the garden. Molasses is produced during the process of turning sugar cane and sugar beet into refined sugar that you use in cooking or coffee. Being a natural product, molasses is safe to add to a compost heap. However, add it sparingly, as its sweet nature can attract flies and other bugs. Molasses shouldn’t exceed more than 4 percent of your entire compost volume.

30. Sugar Beet Waste

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Sugar beet waste, which is a by-product of the sugar production process, can be repurposed instead of being discarded or sent to landfills. The dried beet pulp can be transformed into food pellets for livestock, providing a valuable source of nutrition for animals. You can make sugar beet pellets at home, but it's a somewhat time-consuming process that you can avoid by purchasing ready-made pellets online. Again, it is a natural product, so it can be added to your compost easily.

31. Aquarium Plants

In addition to garden grass and leaves, live aquarium plants can also be composted. These plants benefit the fish by enhancing water cleanliness and oxygen levels. When these plants die off and require replacement, rather than discarding them, add them directly to your compost pile in the garden, treating them like other plant clippings. This contributes to a more efficient composting process. Remove all plastic clippings, plastic plants, and other plastic accessories before composting live or dead aquarium plants.

32. Potato Peelings

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Image Credits: jhenning via Pixabay 

Potato offcuts and peelings can indeed sprout new plants in your compost pile, making them a valuable addition to fresh soil for your garden. However, exercise caution with potato peelings that you intend to compost. Potato blight, a damaging fungus, is a concern when using peelings in your compost. To prevent the spread of this fungus, check peelings for signs of blight before adding them to your compost heap. Signs of potato blight include dark patches on the skin, brownish rot, or a jelly-like substance with a rotting stench. By being mindful of potato blight and taking these precautions, you can ensure that your compost remains healthy and free from harmful pathogens.

33. Uncoated Paper

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Image Credits: Mahesh Patel via Pixabay

Paper is a natural product that can be composted. It will break down and return to compostable material, making it an eco-friendly option for your compost heap. While some may have reservations about composting bills, the key is to ensure that the paper used is uncoated, mainly white, with only black print. Glossy papers or colored ink may contain toxic heavy metals that will contaminate your compost, which will then end up in your garden when you use it to nourish your plants. Bills and mail printed on such paper are safe to compost. Using paper that has already been recycled is even better, as it promotes sustainable practices and reduces the demand for new paper production.

34. Residue and Waste From Cotton Plants

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Cotton plants absorb and store nutrients in their stalks, leaves, and seed pods as they grow. Traditionally, after picking the cotton, the pods or burrs were left on the plant and plowed back into the soil to replenish nutrients for the new growing season. However, in some cases, these unused parts of the plants were discarded. Instead of discarding them, you can compost cotton plant waste to recycle valuable nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur back into the soil, promoting a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to gardening.

35. Weeds

Weeds, though considered a nuisance in the garden, don't have to go to waste when they are pulled from the ground. While you may be concerned about adding weeds to your compost pile due to potential seed contamination, a properly maintained compost heap can effectively deal with this issue. This is because compost can get very hot, with temperatures of about 150 degrees Fahrenheit, which is enough to break down weed seeds. The heat will prevent them from sprouting in your flowerbeds when you use the finished compost.

36. Fish Meal

Fish meal is an excellent natural fertilizer for garden plants, making it a valuable addition to compost. Its slow-release formula provides a steady supply of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which helps strengthen shrubs, flowers, plants, and grass. Additionally, fish meal gives an extra boost to fruit and vegetables, promoting healthy growth.

One of the great benefits of fish meal is its ability to improve the population of the soil’s beneficial bacteria like Rhizobium, Bacillus, and Paraburkholderia. These beneficial microorganisms play a vital role in breaking down organic matter and making nutrients more available to plants.

37. Limestone

Limestone, a soft sedimentary rock, helps balance the pH level of the finished compost, making it closer to a neutral pH of 7. This is particularly beneficial when the compost contains a lot of acidic materials, such as pine needles. Limestone is composed of materials like coral and mollusks, and it is widely used in various applications, including construction and decorative elements in gardens. When added to compost, limestone helps neutralize acidity and improve the overall nutrient balance in the soil.

38. Corn on the Cob

Often, people discard the cobs without realizing their composting potential. While the husks will break down relatively quickly, the cob may take a bit longer to decompose due to its density. Despite the slower breakdown process, adding corn cobs to the compost heap has its benefits. A whole corn cob can create air pockets in the compost, improving aeration within the heap. This enhanced airflow facilitates the decomposition process and helps create nutrient-rich compost for your garden. So, the next time you enjoy fresh corn on the cob, don't forget to toss the husks and cobs into the compost bin.

39. Blood Meal

Blood meal is a byproduct of the slaughterhouse process and is rich in nitrogen, making it an excellent addition to your compost pile. When using blood meal in your compost, add the right amount to achieve the desired soil consistency. Since blood meal has a high nitrogen content, it can make the soil more acidic.

You should use it in moderation and ensure a balanced mixture in your compost heap. The ideal ratio is four parts carbon to one part nitrogen. Blood meal should not be confused with bone meal, which is rich in phosphorus. Each of these organic fertilizers has distinct properties and serves different purposes in garden cultivation.

40. Winery Wastes

Winemaking generates various waste products, such as grape stalks, leaves, and sludge made from grape seeds and skins after pressing. Instead of disposing of these by-products through conventional means, you can compost them. Composting grape stalks, leaves, and sludge is an excellent way to recycle these organic materials and turn them into nutrient-rich compost for your garden.

41. Spanish Moss

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Spanish moss, with its fibrous and acidic nature, can be a beneficial addition to compost heaps. However, since it belongs to the pineapple family, its acidic properties may affect the pH balance of the soil. To ensure a balanced compost, offset the acidity by incorporating alkaline materials like limestone. That said, it takes Spanish moss at least seven to eight months to break down in your compost pile.

42. Jelly (Gelatin)

Gelatin is composed of animal-derived collagen, which is a rich source of nitrogen. When adding gelatin to the compost heap, it acts as a time-release fertilizer, slowly releasing nitrogen as it breaks down. This nutrient-rich contribution can enhance the overall quality of the compost and promote healthier plant growth when the compost is eventually used in the garden. So, the next time you have leftover unflavored gelatin or expired packets, consider adding it to your compost pile rather than discarding it.

43. Powdered or Ground Rock

Rock powder, also known as rock dust or rock minerals, is indeed a valuable addition to improve soil health and provide essential minerals to support plant growth. This finely ground rock material contains a wide range of trace minerals like silicon, aluminum, and iron that are beneficial for plant nutrition. One of the key advantages of using rock powder in the soil is its slow-release nature.

As the rock powder gradually breaks down over time, it releases minerals into the soil, making them available to the plants for an extended period. Furthermore, rock powder can enhance the soil's texture and water-holding capacity, leading to better soil structure and improved moisture retention.

44. Topsoil

Adding topsoil to your compost pile can indeed be beneficial for starting and maintaining the composting process. Topsoil is teeming with beneficial microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and other decomposers like archaea and protozoa, that play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter in the compost pile.

When you introduce garden soil into the compost heap, you introduce a diverse microbial community that accelerates the decomposition of organic materials. These microorganisms help to break down the organic matter into nutrient-rich compost, which is essential for providing plants with the necessary nutrients for healthy growth.

45. Rabbit Droppings

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Image credits: nojhan via Openverse

Rabbit droppings, also known as rabbit manure or bunny berries, are a fantastic addition to the compost heap. They are a rich source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making them a valuable fertilizer for your garden. If you use newspaper or other natural bedding materials like straw or hay in the rabbit hutch, you can collect the soiled bedding along with the droppings and add them directly to the compost heap.

Avoid using bedding materials that contain chemicals or synthetic materials, as these can be harmful to the composting process and the final compost.

As with all compost piles, maintain the right balance of green (nitrogen-rich) and brown (carbon-rich) materials. Rabbit droppings are considered "green" compost material due to their high nitrogen content, so it's a good idea to mix them with other brown materials like dried leaves or shredded newspaper to ensure a well-balanced compost pile.

46. Hair Clippings

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Human hair, as well as pet hair, is a natural source of nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth. When hair is added to the compost heap, it will eventually break down through the action of microorganisms and contribute to the nutrient content of the compost. However, hair takes longer to decompose compared to other compostable materials, so cut it into smaller pieces or shred it to help speed up the process. Since hair is considered a green compost material due to its high nitrogen content, you should mix it with brown materials like dried leaves, shredded newspaper, or straw to create a well-balanced compost pile.

47. Stale Bread

Instead of discarding stale bread for the birds or ducks, you can repurpose it to create nutrient-rich compost for your garden. Bread is considered a "green" compost material because it contains nitrogen, an essential nutrient for the composting process. To compost bread effectively, break it into smaller pieces or tear it up before adding it to the heap.

This will help speed up the decomposition process and ensure that the bread mixes well with other compost materials. However, bread can be attractive to animals, but you can prevent unwanted visitors from foraging in your compost. Add the bread and turn the compost to bury it deep, making sure it's not easily accessible on the top layer. This will help deter animals from being drawn to the compost heap.

48. Coffee Grounds

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Contrary to popular belief, used coffee grounds are nearly pH neutral, which means they won't significantly affect the acidity of your soil. They're a great source of nitrogen, an essential nutrient for plant growth. When you add coffee grounds to your compost, they provide a valuable source of organic matter, helping to create nutrient-rich and well-aerated compost.

The grounds also enhance the texture of the soil, improving drainage and promoting better root development for plants. However, when adding coffee grounds to your compost pile, ensure you don’t add more than 15 to 20 percent of your entire pile’s volume. Too much coffee can create an imbalance in the population of microorganisms responsible for decomposing organic matter.

49. Wood Ashes

Wood ash from fireplaces, wood burners, smokers, or bonfires can be a valuable addition to your compost and garden soil. It contains a range of essential nutrients, including potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which can benefit your plants. Adding wood ash to your compost pile in small amounts can help balance the pH level, making acidic soil more alkaline. This is particularly beneficial for plants that prefer neutral or slightly alkaline soil.

To use wood ash in compost, sprinkle it in thin layers throughout the compost pile and mix it thoroughly with other organic materials. Wood ash shouldn’t exceed more than 5 percent of your entire compost volume.

50. Sawdust

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Sawdust can be a valuable addition to your compost and garden soil. Its fine texture allows it to break down relatively quickly when properly composted. Since sawdust is primarily composed of carbon, it's considered a brown material in composting. To maintain a proper balance of carbon and nitrogen in your compost heap, adding green materials alongside sawdust is essential. Green materials, such as vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, or grass clippings, provide the necessary nitrogen to facilitate the composting process. Ensure the sawdust you want to compost comes from untreated wood.

51. Tea Bags and Loose Tea Leaves

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Image credits: adactio via Openverse

Tea and tea bags are valuable additions to your compost pile. They can provide several benefits, like sulfate, phosphorus, and calcium, to the composting process and help improve the quality of your garden soil. Before composting teabags find out the material they are made from. Many teabags are made from natural materials such as paper, hemp, or other plant-based fibers, which are compostable.

Look for teabags labeled as "compostable" or "biodegradable" to ensure they break down in your compost heap. Remove staples, tags, or strings that are not compostable before adding the tea bags to your compost pile. Teabags also tend to dry out quickly, so when adding them to your compost heap, ensure they are moistened or add them with other kitchen scraps and garden waste and buried into the heap to help retain moisture. This will help them break down efficiently.

Remember to compost only plastic-free tea bags

52. Shredded Newspapers

Shredded newspaper is a fantastic addition to your compost heap and can also be used for mulching and improving the soil in your garden. To use shredded newspaper in your compost, simply mix it in with other compostable materials, such as kitchen scraps, yard waste, and other paper products. Aim to maintain a proper balance of carbon and nitrogen materials to ensure effective composting. Also, when using shredded newspaper as mulch, ensure to spread it around plants and avoid packing it tightly to allow for water and air circulation.

53. Coffee Filters

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Image credits: Tyler Nix via Unsplash

Coffee filters made of paper are indeed compostable and can be added to your garden compost. Since coffee filters are typically discarded while still damp, this moisture content aids in their breakdown process. Adding them to the middle of the compost pile, where it's relatively warmer and more humid, can help keep them moist and promote faster decomposition. Unlike coffee grounds, coffee filters don't offer nutrients, but since they're made of paper, they're considered "brown" materials that you can compost.

54. Egg Shells

eggshells to raise soil pH

Eggshells are a good source of calcium and other minerals that benefit your compost. Since eggshells take one to three years to decompose fully, crushing them into smaller pieces can help speed up the process. It might also help to rinse out the egg residue from the shells before you compost them, as this may attract pests and other animals.

55. Cow Dung

Small pile of rotted manure on tarp in the front yard. Garden shovel and basket near heap. Organic fertilizer for manuring soil ready to working in autumn garden. Concept of organic farming

Cow dung can be a valuable addition to your compost heap, but it needs to be handled properly to avoid issues like ammonia burn. While cow dung is a great organic source of nutrients, it has a high ammonia level, which can potentially harm plants if not composted properly. When adding fresh cow dung to your compost pile, mix it with a carbon-rich material like dried leaves or straw. You can add about 10 to 25 percent fresh cow dung for your entire compost volume.

56. Alfalfa

Alfalfa is known for its high nutrient content, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. When it breaks down in the compost heap, it releases these nutrients, making the compost a nutrient-rich fertilizer for plants. Being a green and nitrogen-rich material, it decomposes quickly and generates heat in the compost pile. This heat helps to accelerate the decomposition of other materials in the heap, speeding up the overall composting process.

57. Winter Rye

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Winter rye is a fast-growing plant that continues to grow throughout the year, even in winter. As a cover crop, it helps protect the soil from erosion and nutrient leaching during the colder months. Winter rye, when added to compost, contributes to improving soil texture. It helps create a more well-structured and aerated soil, which is essential for healthy plant growth.

58. Grapefruit Rinds

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Image credit: Pixabay via Pexels

Grapefruit rinds are compostable and can be a valuable addition to your compost heap. They're rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. While it is true that citrus fruits like grapefruit are acidic, as long as you use them in moderation, they can actually benefit the composting process. To help grapefruit rinds break down more quickly, you can shred them into smaller pieces or even chop them into small chunks before adding them to the compost pile. This will increase their surface area, allowing microorganisms to break them down more efficiently.

59. Pea Vines

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Image credits: slgckgc via Openverse

Pea vines are a great addition to the compost heap once you have harvested the peas. They are rich in organic matter, which will contribute to the overall quality of your compost. Before adding pea vines or other plant material to the compost pile, inspect them for signs of disease, pests, or rot. If you notice white, powdery coating (which could indicate powdery mildew) or blemishes that might suggest disease or pest infestation, discard them through municipal green waste collection or in a way that ensures the disease or pest does not spread to other plants or your compost.

60. Old, Cooked or Uncooked Pasta

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Pasta, whether cooked or uncooked, can be composted. It is a source of organic material that will break down over time in the compost pile. However, cooked pasta might be more attractive to pests like rodents, raccoons, or birds due to its aroma and softer texture. If you choose to compost cooked pasta, bury it well within the compost pile, so it's not easily accessible to pests. Uncooked pasta is generally less appealing to pests and can be safely composted as long as it is mixed into the compost pile and not left exposed on top.

The water you used to boil the pasta can be used for watering your plants after it cools to room temperature.

61. Houseplant Trimmings

Green plant material, whether from garden trimmings, houseplants, or other plants like bonsai trees and shrubs, can be added to the compost pile. As long as the plant material is organic and free from chemicals or contaminants, it will break down over time and contribute to the composting process. Chop or shred larger plant trimmings before adding them to the compost heap. This will speed up the decomposition process and make it easier for the compost pile to break down the materials into nutrient-rich compost.

62. Sunday Newspaper Supplements

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Sunday newspaper supplements that are printed on plain, uncoated paper are compostable and can be shredded and added to the compost heap. As with any paper materials, avoid adding glossy or coated pages to the compost, as these coatings may contain chemicals that are not suitable for composting. Shredding newspaper supplements before adding them to the compost heap can be beneficial, as it increases the surface area of the paper, allowing it to break down more quickly and efficiently. Smaller pieces of paper will decompose faster, helping to speed up the overall composting process.

63. Harbour Mud or Silt

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Image credits: Lakeisha Ethans for Backyard Boss

Mud, silt, and soil from old ponds can be valuable additions to the compost heap. They are rich in organic matter and minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium, and when mixed with other compostable materials, they can contribute to the overall nutrient content of the compost. Adding mud and silt to the compost heap can provide additional moisture to the mix, which can be beneficial, especially in dry conditions or if the compost pile tends to dry out quickly. Moisture is essential for the composting process, as it helps to create the right environment for beneficial microorganisms to break down the organic materials efficiently. You can add a 2-inch layer of mud for every 6 inches of brown and 2 inches of green layers to build your compost pile.

64. Peanut Shells

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Peanut shells are considered a carbon-rich (brown) material, which helps balance the nitrogen-rich (green) materials in the compost heap. To help peanut shells break down more quickly, crush or break them into smaller pieces before adding them to the compost pile. Peanut shells, like other tough plant materials, may take some time to break down fully, but with regular turning and proper composting practices, they’ll eventually decompose and become a valuable part of the compost. When adding peanut shells to the compost, inspect them for signs of disease, mold, or pests. This helps prevent the spread of potential problems to your compost and garden.

65. Olive Pits

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Olive pits are tough and can take a long time to break down fully in the compost. However, their presence can create air pockets in the compost heap, promoting better aeration and allowing beneficial microorganisms to thrive. These microorganisms help break down the other organic matter in the compost, speeding up the decomposition process overall.

66. Goat Manure

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Goat manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients like calcium and magnesium, which are essential nutrients for plant growth. Adding fresh goat manure to your compost pile helps create a nutrient-rich compost that will benefit your plants. Since goat manure is naturally dry, it is easier to handle and collect than other animal manure types. This can be especially advantageous for composting on a small scale.

67. Felt Waste

Felt is a biodegradable material made from natural fibers such as wool or synthetic fibers like acrylic. As a natural material, felt can be composted, and it will eventually break down in the compost pile. When composting felt, tear, or cut it into smaller pieces. Breaking it down into smaller fragments increases the surface area and allows microorganisms in the compost pile to break it down more efficiently. The smaller the pieces, the faster they will decompose

Synthetic felt, on the other hand, isn't eco-friendly and is made from non-biodegradable materials which do not decompose. Therefore, don't add synthetic felt to your compost pile. If natural felt is colored using azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, or triarylmethane dyes, don't add it to your compost as they can leech dangerous chemicals into the pile. These dyes will affect your health, especially if you use dye-contaminated compost for edible crops.

68. Wheat Straw

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Image credits: garten-gg via Canva

Straw is an excellent material for composting, especially when used as animal bedding. It's a carbon-rich material, also known as "browns" in composting terminology, and provides structure to the compost pile. As straw breaks down, it adds valuable organic matter and nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to the compost, making it a beneficial addition to the soil. When adding straw, chop it into smaller pieces to speed up decomposition.

69. Peat Moss

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While peat moss is compostable, it’s not eco-friendly. There are many alternatives to peat moss, including coconut coir, bark, wood fiber, and rice hulls, all of which are compostable. Add about 8 inches of peat moss as your compost’s brown layer and top it off with cardboard, shredded newspapers, or dry leaves.

70. Tissues

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Image credits: nist6ss via Openverse

Composting tissues is a practical and eco-friendly way to manage their waste. However, be mindful of potential health risks when composting tissues, especially if they have been used to handle infectious materials. Tissues used for wiping clean hands, blowing one's nose without signs of illness, or general cleaning tasks are generally safe to compost. Tissues used during mild illnesses, such as a common cold, are typically safe to compost.

The viruses responsible for the common cold do not survive for long outside the human body. If you have a severe illness, particularly one caused by highly contagious pathogens, avoid composting tissues.

Consult with your healthcare provider if you have doubts about the safety of composting tissues during a specific illness. Using compostable tissues made from plant-based materials can make the composting process safer and more efficient.

71. Watermelon Rinds

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Image credits: grongar via Openverse

Watermelon rinds and scraps are compostable, but their thick and tough skins can take around four to five weeks to break down and decompose compared to other compostable materials. Therefore, cutting the watermelon scraps into smaller pieces will help speed up the composting process. To balance the compost and aid decomposition, mix watermelon scraps with brown materials such as dried leaves, shredded cardboard, or straw.

72. Bagasse (Leftover From Sugar Canes)

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Image credits: Ji-Elle via Openverse

Bagasse is the fibrous material left over after sugarcane has been crushed to extract the juice for sugar production. It is a byproduct of the sugar industry and can be a challenge for large companies to dispose of due to its large volume. Bagasse is compostable and can break down relatively quickly, especially in commercial composting facilities where the conditions are optimized for faster decomposition.

In a home compost bin, bagasse will take a bit longer to break down since the conditions may not be as ideal as in commercial facilities. However, with regular turning and proper moisture levels, bagasse can still decompose within a few months to a year, depending on the size of the bagasse pieces. Bagasse is a good source of calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, leaving you with a nutrient-rich compost for your plants.

73. Onion Skins

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Onion skins are rich in nutrients like vitamins A, C, and E and will contribute to the overall quality of your compost. However, onion skins have a strong smell, which might attract pests and animals, especially when using open compost piles. If you want to compost onion skins, use a compost bin with a lid that you can close to prevent pests from getting in.

If you don't have a covered compost bin, you can bury the onion skins deep within the compost pile to help reduce the smell and deter pests. If you’re vermicomposting (using earthworms to decompose organic waste), don’t add onion skins, as they can irritate and even kill the worms.

74. Pie Crust

You can compost leftover pie crusts, whether they are cooked or uncooked. As with most food scraps, keep the compost pile well-balanced and do not overload it with too much of one type of material. If the crust is cooked and too tough to break down easily, you can break it into smaller pieces to speed up the composting process. Keeping the compost covered with a lid or using a closed compost bin will help deter pests and rodents from accessing the compost pile.

75. Soya Milk or Beans

Soya milk is plant-based and contains no animal products, which means it won't produce the same strong odors as dairy milk when it decomposes. Additionally, soya beans are a natural product and will break down in the compost heap like other vegetable materials. When adding soya milk or soya beans to the compost, mix them well with other compostable materials to maintain a balanced compost pile. This will ensure proper decomposition and avoid issues with pests or odor.

76. Tree Bark

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Tree bark can be a valuable addition to your compost heap, providing both nutrients and texture. Depending on the bark’s acidity, balance your compost’s pH level by adding alkali ingredients along with the bark. To speed up the decomposition process, break the bark into smaller pieces before adding it to the compost pile. Smaller particles will break down more quickly and efficiently, contributing to the overall composting process.

77. Lobster Shells

Lobster shells can be composted, but they can take anywhere between four and six months to break down completely due to their hard and durable nature. To speed up the decomposition process, crush or grind the shells into smaller pieces before adding them to the compost pile. This will increase the surface area, making it easier for the microorganisms in the compost to break them down. To avoid attracting pests or scavengers, bury the lobster shells deep within the compost pile and cover them with other compostable materials to mask the odor. This will keep the smell hidden and deter animals from digging into the pile.

78. Melted Ice Cream

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Image credits: jonsson via Openverse

Melted ice cream can be added to a compost heap, but it should be done in moderation. Ice cream contains dairy and sugar, both of which can attract pests and cause odors if added in large quantities. However, in small amounts, melted ice cream can provide moisture to help in the decomposition process. When adding melted ice cream to the compost, bury it in the center of the compost pile and mix it well with other compostable materials. This will help prevent pests from being attracted to the surface of the compost and keep the compost balanced.

79. Flower Petals

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Image credit: Bru-no via Pixabay

Flower petals are a wonderful addition to the compost heap. They break down quickly and add a burst of color and fragrance to the mix. Besides plastic flowers, leftover petals from a bouquet, dried petals from crafting, or even faded flowers from your garden can all be composted.

That said, toxic flowers like oleander and lily of the valley should only be added to hot compost piles. This is because the high temperatures of a hot compost pile remove 90 percent of a flower's toxicity.

80. Pumpkin Seeds

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Pumpkin seeds and flesh are compostable; adding them to your compost heap is a great idea. They’re considered green materials and provide valuable nutrients like iron, calcium, and potassium to the compost. They break down relatively quickly, adding moisture and nitrogen to the mix. However, break up the pumpkin flesh and seeds into smaller pieces before adding them to the compost. This will help speed up the decomposition process and prevent large clumps from taking longer to break down.

81. Q-tips or Cotton Buds (Not the Plastic Handles)

Cotton buds with cardboard handles are compostable and can be safely added to your compost heap. The cardboard handle will break down naturally over time, leaving no harmful residue in the compost. On the other hand, avoid using cotton buds with plastic handles or other non-compostable materials. Plastic-based cotton buds take a significant amount of time to break down and can be harmful to the environment, especially if they end up in waterways or oceans.

82. Finger and Toenail Clippings

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Fingers and toenails are made of keratin, which is a protein that can break down over time. While it is true that you can compost nails, they’re relatively slow to break down compared to other compostable materials. Nails may carry bacteria, especially if they have come into contact with dirt or germs. Ensure that the nails are clean and free from substances that may be harmful to your compost or garden.

83. Apple Cores

Apples are naturally biodegradable and can be safely added to a compost heap. Apples, like most fruit and vegetable scraps, will naturally break down in a compost heap. The skin, flesh, and seeds will decompose over time. To speed up the decomposition process, chop or slice the apple cores into smaller pieces before adding them to the compost heap. Smaller pieces will break down faster.

84. Old Cut Flower Arrangements

Fresh-cut flowers are a beautiful gift, but when they start to wither, they can be challenging to dispose of. Fortunately, they are compostable, and adding them to your compost heap can be a great way to give them a new purpose. Before composting, remove non-compostable elements from the flowers, such as ribbons, plastic wraps, or non-biodegradable ties.

85. BBQ’d Fish Skin

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Image credits: goosmurf via Openverse

Fish skin is compostable, but scales can take over a year to break down due to their hard and durable nature.Try to break the fish skin into smaller pieces to increase the surface area exposed to microbial activity, which can speed up decomposition. When adding fish scales to your compost heap, bury them under other compost materials to prevent pests from being attracted to the smell.

Fish adds nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to your compost pile. Adding a fish to your compost pile isn't the same as using fish emulsion because fish emulsion is only the fluid remains (oil and water) of a processed fish. Adding raw fish is similar to using a combination of fish meal (fish, bones, and innards) and fish emulsion (fish oil and water content) for your plants.

86. Bat Droppings

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Bat droppings, or guano, are high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential nutrients for plant growth. When added to the compost heap, bat guano can enhance the overall nutrient profile of the compost and contribute to healthier soil and plants. Bat guano can sometimes contain harmful pathogens, including Histoplasma spores, which can cause respiratory issues in humans if inhaled. Wear protective gear, such as gloves and a mask, when handling bat guano to avoid health risks.

87. Rapeseed Meal

Rapeseed meal is a byproduct of the rapeseed oil production process. It is the residue left after the oil has been extracted from the rapeseed. While rapeseed meal is commonly used as livestock feed due to its high protein content, it can also be a valuable addition to compost. It’s rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential nutrients for plant growth. When added to the compost, it provides a balanced mix of nutrients to support the decomposition of other organic materials and improve the overall quality of the compost.

88. Quail Eggs or Other Small Bird Eggs

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Quail eggs, like chicken eggs, are entirely compostable. The eggshells are a valuable source of calcium, which is beneficial for the compost pile and can help improve soil fertility when the compost is eventually used in the garden. When adding quail eggs to the compost, crack them open first to expose the eggshell and allow it to break down more efficiently. You can also crush the eggshells into smaller pieces to speed up the decomposition process.

89. Dolomite Lime

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Image credits: Klaus Nielsen via Pexels

Lime is an excellent amendment to use in composting to help balance the pH level of the compost. Composting can sometimes lead to a buildup of acidity, especially when certain materials like coffee grounds, citrus peels, or pine needles are added to the compost heap. As these materials decompose, they release acidic compounds, which can lower the pH of the compost. Adding lime to the compost can help to neutralize this acidity and bring the pH level closer to a more neutral range, which is generally more beneficial for plant growth. You can spread about ½ cup of dolomite lime on your compost’s surface and mix it in with a shovel.

90. Shredded Cardboard

Cardboard is an eco-friendly material that can be easily composted. It is made from natural fibers, typically derived from wood pulp, and does not contain harmful chemicals. Uncoated cardboard is ideal for composting because it breaks down quickly and adds valuable carbon to the compost pile. To compost cardboard effectively, shred it into smaller pieces to increase the surface area. Smaller pieces decompose faster and integrate better with other compost materials.

91. Rhubarb Leaves and Stems

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Image credits: via Openverse

Rhubarb leaves are not suitable for consumption due to their high levels of oxalic acid, which can be toxic to humans. However, they can be composted safely and are considered a "green" compostable material. Avoid composting parts of rhubarb plants that have been treated with pesticides or chemicals. These substances can be harmful to the composting process and may contaminate the final compost, which you'll later use on your plants.

92. Gardening Gloves (Made of Leather or Recyclable Material)

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Most gardening gloves are made from natural materials like leather, cotton, or rubber, making them biodegradable and compostable. When your old gardening gloves have worn out and are no longer usable, instead of throwing them away, you can add them to your compost heap. To compost gardening gloves, cut them into smaller pieces to speed up the decomposition process. This allows the gloves to break down more easily, ensuring they integrate well with the other compostable materials in your heap.

If you're unsure about the composition of your gardening gloves, you can simply check the packaging they arrived in to confirm if they are made from natural materials. If you don't have the packaging, an inspection will help you differentiate between rubber and plastic gloves. Rubber gloves are thicker and more flexible than plastic gloves.

93. Tobacco

Tobacco is a natural plant material and can be safely added to a compost heap. If you have leftover or stale tobacco, instead of throwing it away, compost it along with other organic materials. Tobacco will break down over time in the compost heap, but it might dry out faster than other materials. Adding a little water when you add the tobacco to the compost and mixing it in well will help maintain the moisture levels and aid in the decomposition process.

94. Dried Jellyfish

Jellyfish, being soft and fleshy, will naturally decompose relatively quickly, making them suitable for composting. However, as with most compostable materials, add jellyfish to your compost pile in small quantities since they emit a strong smell as they decompose. Mixing them with soil and adding them deep into the compost will help prevent the odor as they decompose.

Some jellyfish are venomous and shouldn't be touched or added to your compost pile. Do your research before adding jellyfish to your compost.

95. Wheat Bran

Wheat bran is a valuable addition to your compost heap, and it can help accelerate the decomposition process and reduce odors when used in Bokashi composting. Bokashi composting is a fermentation process that uses a mix of wheat bran and beneficial microbes to break down food scraps and other compostable materials more quickly.

Bokashi composting is slightly different from traditional composting as it relies on fermentation rather than decomposition. It's an excellent method for those who want to compost food scraps but don't have a large outdoor compost pile.

96. Guinea Pig Droppings

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Image credits: Pixabay via Pexels

Guinea pig droppings, just like rabbit droppings, are a fantastic addition to the compost heap. Guinea pigs are herbivores, and their diet consists of grass, hay, and fresh vegetables, which means their droppings are rich in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus that can benefit your compost.

97. Cattail Reeds

Cattails, an edible wild plant that grows in North America, can be a valuable addition to your compost heap. The various parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stalks, and seed heads, are rich in organic matter, which contributes essential nutrients like potassium and phosphorus to the compost. Adding cattails to your compost can help balance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and enhance the overall quality of the compost.

98. Clover

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Clover leaves and flowers
Image credits: Siegella via Pixabay

Clover is a nitrogen-fixing plant, which means it has the ability to convert nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use, making it an excellent source of nitrogen for your compost. However, it may take a little longer to break down compared to some other materials in the compost heap.

This is because it contains more lignin and cellulose, which are compounds that take longer to decompose. To speed up the composting process, chop or shred the clover into smaller pieces before adding it to the compost heap. This allows microorganisms to break it down more efficiently.

99. Leftover Fish Bait

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Image credits: uritours via Openverse

Prepared fish bait pellets, which are dry and no longer live, are safe to compost. These pellets usually contain fish meal and other organic materials, which can contribute valuable nutrients to the compost. As long as the fish bait pellets are no longer live and are fully dried out, they can be added to the compost heap like other organic material. Live maggots should never be added to a compost heap, as they can quickly multiply and lead to an unpleasant fly infestation. Composting live maggots can also disrupt the composting process and create an unhealthy environment for the decomposition of organic matter.

100. Granite Dust

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Image credits: bptakoma via Openverse

Granite is a natural rock that contains various minerals and nutrients, which can enhance the overall quality of your compost. Granite dust can improve the compost's texture, creating air pockets that aid in the composting process. However, add granite dust in moderation, as excessive amounts can alter the pH of the compost. Granite is slightly alkaline, so adding too much may increase the compost's pH level. Most compost piles benefit from a neutral to slightly acidic pH range, so keep this in mind when adding granite dust.

101. Cheese

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Image credits: _gee_ via Openverse

Cheese, being a dairy product, can be composted, but it should be added in small quantities and managed properly to avoid attracting pests and creating odors. Cheese is rich in fats and proteins, which can take longer to break down in a compost pile and may lead to unpleasant smells if not composted correctly.

When adding cheese to your compost, mix it thoroughly with other compostable materials, such as vegetable scraps and yard waste. This helps distribute the cheese throughout the compost pile, preventing clumps that could take longer to break down. Use a compost bin that has a lid you can close to prevent the odor from attracting pests.

102. Greensand

Greensand is a natural and safe mineral that can significantly enhance your garden soil and compost. Greensand, also known as glauconite, is a type of marine sedimentary rock that is rich in potassium, iron, and numerous trace minerals. It is mined from ancient sea floor deposits and has been used as a garden fertilizer for centuries. Adding greensand to your compost can enrich it with essential minerals and enhance the nutrient content of the compost.

103. Burned Oatmeal

Burned oatmeal residue from the bottom of a pan can be added to the compost pile. However, be cautious about the amount you add and consider the dairy content to avoid unpleasant odors. When adding the burned oatmeal residue to the compost, bury it under the top layer of other compost materials. This helps to keep it covered and reduces the chances of attracting pests or producing strong odors. If you notice strong odors developing in the compost pile after adding the burned oatmeal residue, add brown materials to minimize the smell.

104. Dryer Lint

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Image credits: brenbot via Openverse

Synthetic lint from your clothes dryer is not suitable for composting due to its synthetic nature and potential fire hazard. However, natural fabric lint and scraps, like cotton, linen, or wool, can be added to the compost heap as they are biodegradable.

105. Crusts From Bread

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Sandwich crusts can be a great addition to your compost heap. Like other bread products, they are biodegradable and will break down over time in the composting process. When adding sandwich crusts to your compost, break them into smaller pieces to facilitate faster decomposition. By composting sandwich crusts, you can reduce food waste and contribute to the creation of nutrient-rich compost for your garden.

106. Urine

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Image credits: CDC via Unsplash

Human urine is a source of nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth and a key component in composting. The nitrogen in urine can accelerate the decomposition process and help break down organic matter more quickly. Urine is relatively high in nitrogen, and too much nitrogen can overwhelm the compost pile, causing an imbalance in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. To avoid this, dilute the urine with water before adding it to the compost heap. A common recommendation is to mix one part urine with 10 to 15 parts water.

107. Canned Fruit and Vegetables

Adding the contents of expired or old canned fruits and vegetables to your compost heap can be a good way to recycle them and avoid wasting food. However, if the canned fruits or vegetables are in a sugary syrup or salty brine, rinse them before adding them to the compost. Sugary or salty substances can attract pests and disrupt the composting process. Rinsing will help reduce the risk of attracting unwanted animals to your compost heap.

108. Ivory Soap Scraps

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Image credits: eschipul via Openverse

Soap is made from natural materials and will biodegrade over time. By adding soap scraps (small pieces left after showers) to your compost heap, you can contribute to the composting process while also making use of every bit of the soap. However, before adding the soap scraps to your compost, break them into smaller pieces. Smaller pieces will break down faster and more evenly in the compost heap.

After adding soap pieces, bury them deep in your compost pile, but don't sprinkle water. While small soap shards won't create a soapy mess, it's best to let the heat decompose the soap.

109. Dirt from Shoes or Boots

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Image credits: worak via Openverse

Creating a designated area outside the back door for cleaning muddy shoes and boots can help keep your home clean and also provide a convenient way to add organic material to your compost heap. Add a little seat outside the back door and some sort of tub or bucket to catch the clumps. Train your family members (and visitors!) to stop outside the door and bang their shoes or boots off into the bucket. This fresh soil can just be transported straight back down into the compost heap and recycled into your garden.

110. Horse Hair

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Image credits: masaka via Openverse

Horse hair is a natural material that can be valuable to your compost heap. It's a good source of nitrogen, which is an essential element for the decomposition process and helps to break down other organic materials in the compost. When your horse sheds its hair, collect the clumps of hair and keep them in a separate container. Once you’ve collected a good amount of hair, cut or break them down into smaller pieces and add them to your compost pile.

111. Cooked Rice

Cooked rice is a potential food source for animals like rodents and raccoons, so using a compost bin with a secure lid or cover will help prevent these animals from getting into the compost. While small amounts of cooked rice are generally fine to add to compost, avoid adding large quantities all at once, as this can create a more substantial food source for pests and become a sticky clump that disturbs decomposition. If you plan on adding cooked rice to your compost pile, you can use the rice water to water your plants.

112. Reptile Cage Lining/Bedding

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Image credits: djuggler via Openverse

Shredded sawdust or wood-based bedding used for reptiles can be composted. Some types of wood bedding, such as pine, may be more acidic. While small amounts of acidic materials can be beneficial for compost, excessive acidity can affect the compost's pH balance. To counteract acidity, you can add lime or other alkaline materials to the compost heap in moderation. Reptile droppings can also be added to the compost pile, as they contain valuable nutrients. However, ensuring the compost reaches high enough temperatures to kill pathogens is essential. Turn the compost pile at least once a week to increase temperatures.

113. Tofu

Tofu, being made from soybeans, is a great addition to the compost heap. As a natural and plant-based product, tofu will break down easily during the composting process. To help tofu break down more quickly, chop it into smaller pieces before adding it to the compost heap.

114. Banana Peel

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Image credit: Lakeisha Ethans for Backyard Boss

Banana peels are rich in nutrients like potassium, phosphorus, and calcium, which can benefit your compost and, eventually, your garden soil. As banana peels break down, they provide organic matter that enhances soil structure, moisture retention, and nutrient content. That said, they’re relatively slow to break down due to their tough texture. To speed up the composting process, cut or chop the peels into smaller pieces. To prevent pests from being attracted to your compost pile, bury the banana peels under a layer of other compostable materials or cover them with soil or leaves.

115. Chocolate Cookies

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Image credit: Pixabay via Pexels

Cookies are delicious treats that often get devoured quickly, but occasionally there might be a few stale or leftover cookies that need to be discarded. If you have cookies that have gone bad, composting them is a good way to divert them from the landfill and turn them into valuable nutrients for your garden.

Break the cookies into smaller pieces for faster decomposition and cover them with other compostable materials or bury them in the compost to mask the smell that might attract pests.

116. Wooden Toothpicks

Wood is a natural material that contains cellulose, and when broken down by microorganisms in the compost pile, it contributes to the overall nutrient-rich compost. Remember to break the toothpicks into smaller pieces to help accelerate the composting process.

117. Moss

Dead or dry moss collected from your lawn or other areas can be composted effectively, and it will eventually break down and contribute to the nutrient-rich compost. Moss is rich in organic materials and helps add diversity to the compost mix. It takes several years (two to five) to break down, but you can speed this up by adding around one part moss to four parts of other ingredients.

118. Stale Cereal

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Toasted rice, cornflakes, and other plain, uncoated cereals can be composted with ease. Cereals are made from natural grains, and when they are plain without added sugars or coatings, they will break down effectively in the compost pile. Opt for cereals without added sugars, artificial flavors, or coatings. These additives may attract pests and slow down the composting process.

119. Pickles

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Image credit: krzys16 via Pixabay

Pickles, like other preserved vegetables, can be composted, but they may take longer to break down compared to fresh vegetables. The preserving process, which involves pickling in vinegar and brine, can slow down the decomposition process. If you have whole pickles, wash them thoroughly and cut them into smaller chunks before adding them to the compost pile.

Pickles are often salty due to the brine, so adding some water to the compost pile will help balance the moisture content. The compost pile should be moist but not too wet. Avoid adding large quantities at once, especially if they are heavily preserved or contain excessive salt. This is because large amounts of salty or acidic materials may disrupt the composting process.

There are two main reasons why high salt content disrupts your compost. Firstly, high amounts of salt negatively affect the growth and productivity of earthworms in your compost pile. Secondly, if compost with high salt content is used in gardens or plant beds, it can contribute to soil salinity, harming plant roots and affecting their ability to absorb water and nutrients.

120. Peanut Butter Sandwiches

Peanut butter sandwiches can be composted, but the peanut butter may take longer to break down compared to other food scraps due to its high-fat content. However, with the right composting practices, it will eventually decompose in the compost heap. To speed up the decomposition process, tear or cut the peanut butter sandwich into smaller pieces before adding it to the compost pile. If you're concerned about attracting pests, cover the compost pile with a lid to keep animals away from leftover sandwiches.

121. Dead Bees and Flies

Dead insects like bees and flies can be added to a compost heap, but ensure they are completely dead before doing so! Adding live insects or eggs to the compost heap can lead to breeding and potential pest problems later on. If you're concerned about pests, consider using a covered compost bin to prevent animals from accessing the compost pile and contaminating the insect remains.

You can feed dead insects to carnivorous plants as a source of nutrients for their growth and development.

122. Snow

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Image credits: jarmoluk via Pixabay

Snowfall on a compost pile is generally not a cause for concern, especially in colder climates. Snow can actually have some positive effects on the composting process. It acts as a natural insulator, helping to keep the compost pile from freezing too deeply during freezing temperatures. It also acts as a barrier to deter pests and animals from rummaging through the compost pile during winter when food sources are scarce. However, if the snow cover becomes extremely heavy, it may compact the compost pile, limiting airflow.

In this case, gently remove some of the snow from the top of the pile to maintain proper aeration. If your compost pile is already too wet before the snowfall, the additional moisture from melting snow could lead to an overly soggy compost, which is not ideal for decomposition. In such cases, ensure your compost pile has good drainage or use a covered compost bin to protect it from excess precipitation.

123. Greetings Card Envelopes

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Much like uncoated paper, shredded newspapers, and tissues, greeting cards, especially those made from recycled paper, can be composted to reduce waste and enrich your compost heap. Avoid composting greeting cards with glossy, laminated, or metallic finishes.

These coatings and elements will not break down in the compost and can take a long time to degrade, potentially contaminating the soil. Remove non-compostable elements before adding the cards to your compost heap. As usual, to speed up the composting process, consider shredding the greeting cards and envelopes into smaller pieces.

124. Wedding Bouquets and Buttonholes

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Image credit: Irina via Pexels

Bouquets and buttonholes, also known as boutonnieres, are typically made with fresh flowers and greens that are meant to be enjoyed for a short time, especially during special events like weddings. Once the event is over and the buttonholes have served their purpose, they can be composted to return nutrients to the soil. Before adding buttonholes to the compost heap, remove non-compostable elements like florist's wire, pins, ribbons, or other decorations. These materials do not break down and can be harmful to the environment if left in the compost.

125. Old Beer

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Image credit: Sonja Maric via Pexels

Stale or leftover beer can be a beneficial addition to your compost heap. The yeast and other organic compounds in beer provide a nitrogen boost, which helps to speed up the composting process and break down the organic materials more efficiently. While stale beer can be beneficial for composting, use it in moderation. Excess liquids in the compost pile can lead to an overly wet and smelly compost, so add beer sparingly.

126. Liquid From Cans of Fruit or Vegetables

The liquid from canned fruits or vegetables can contain valuable nutrients that have leached out during the canning process. Instead of letting it go to waste, you can use this liquid to benefit your compost heap. As with most liquids added to the compost, don't overdo it. Pour the canned fruit or vegetable liquid in moderation to avoid making the compost pile too wet, which can lead to odors and slow down the composting process. Be mindful of the liquid’s content.

If the canned fruits or vegetables were preserved in saltwater or syrup with added sugar, don’t pour them onto the compost heap, as excessive salt or sugar can be harmful to the composting process and may attract pests.

127. Pencil Shavings

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Pencil shavings, being small pieces of wood, are biodegradable and safe to compost. They can be added to your compost pile just like other untreated wood materials. If you're composting pencil shavings, ensure they come from untreated, natural wood pencils. Some pencils may be treated with chemicals or have lead in their composition, which is not suitable for composting.

128. Woolen Socks

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It is easy to forget wool is a natural product as you're used to seeing it everywhere. But if your socks have seen better days and are beyond darning, you can throw them into the compost – as long as they are pure wool. Synthetic or blended materials may not break down as well and can introduce non-biodegradable elements to your compost. To speed up the decomposition process, consider cutting the woolen items into smaller pieces before adding them to the compost. Wool is excellent at retaining moisture, which can be beneficial for your compost pile. It helps maintain an ideal level of moisture for the decomposition process.

129. Artichoke Leaves

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Artichoke leaves, while tougher and slower to break down compared to the hearts, are still a valuable addition to the compost heap. To expedite the decomposition process, consider cutting the leaves into smaller pieces. If you use vermicomposting, the worms will love it, too!

130. Fruit Salad

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Image credits: Jane Doan via Pexels

Fruit salad, like other food scraps, is a great addition to the compost pile. It is rich in nutrients and organic matter that will contribute to the composting process and eventually help improve your garden soil. To prevent pests, flies, and unwanted animals from being attracted to the compost heap, place a cover or lid on your compost bin. If the fruit salad contains oily dressings or high-fat content, limit the amount added to the compost. Fats and oils can slow down the composting process and may also attract unwanted pests.

If the fruit salad contains oily dressings or high-fat content, limit the amount added to the compost. Fats and oils can slow down the composting process and may also attract unwanted pests.

131. Salad Leaves

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Image credits: pompi via Pixabay

Salad leaves are excellent additions to the compost pile. They are "green" materials, rich in nitrogen, which helps to speed up the composting process and contribute to the nutrient content of the compost. Composting salad leaves not only reduces food waste but also creates valuable compost that can be used to nourish the soil and support the growth of new salad leaves or other plants in your garden.

Fruit salad, like other food scraps, is a great addition to the compost pile. It is rich in nutrients and organic matter that will contribute to the composting process and eventually help improve your garden soil. To prevent pests, flies, and unwanted animals from being attracted to the compost heap, place a cover or lid on your compost bin. If the fruit salad contains oily dressings or high-fat content, limit the amount added to the compost. Fats and oils can slow down the composting process and may also attract unwanted pests.

132. Brown Paper Bags

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Image credit: BRRT via Pixabay

Being made of recycled and uncoated paper, brown paper bags break down easily and quickly, providing a good source of carbon for the composting process. Some biodegradable paper bags are specifically designed for food scraps and can be conveniently used to collect kitchen waste, making it easier to compost them along with other organic matter. Using brown paper bags for composting is a sustainable and eco-friendly way to manage waste and contribute to healthy soil enrichment.

133. Tickets

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Image credit: jessica45 via Pixabay

Old tickets, whether from movies, concerts, or other events, can be composted if they are made of uncoated paper or thin cardstock. The key is to tear them into small pieces to help them break down more easily in the compost heap. By composting these paper items, you can give them a new purpose as they enrich the soil instead of cluttering up your space. It's a simple and eco-friendly way to dispose of old tickets and contribute to the health of your compost and garden.

Tickets with a waxy coating made from soybean or vegetable can be composted, but ones that aren't organic shouldn't be added to your compost pile. If you're unsure whether the waxy coating is organic or not, it's best you don't add it to your compost pile.

134. Feathers

Feathers are an excellent source of nitrogen, which is an essential component for a well-balanced compost pile. They provide protein-rich material that will help to break down the carbon-heavy components in the compost, such as leaves and wood chips. However, mix in feathers a handful at a time and bury them well in the compost pile to avoid attracting pests like rats.

135. Animal Fur

Animal fur is a natural material that will eventually break down, adding nitrogen to the compost. Before adding it to the compost, clean the fur thoroughly to remove traces of flesh or meat. This will help prevent unwanted odors or pest attraction in the compost pile. While fur may take some time to decompose fully, it will contribute to the nutrient-rich organic matter in the compost and help create a healthy soil amendment for your garden.

136. Coconut Hull Fibre

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Coir is the fibrous material that surrounds the coconut shell and is a byproduct of coconut processing. It has become popular in horticulture because it is an excellent alternative to peat moss, which is not a sustainable resource. Coir has high water retention properties and excellent air porosity, which improves the compost’s structure and water retention abilities.

Things you should NEVER compost:

Now that you're equipped with a list of things you can compost, here are some you shouldn't add to your compost bin.

1. Styrofoam

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Styrofoam, also known as Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), should not be composted because it’s non-biodegradable. This means it does not break down naturally over time, leading to long-lasting environmental pollution. Styrofoam releases harmful chemicals into the soil as it degrades, potentially contaminating the compost and harming plants and organisms.

2. Leather Items

While leather is a natural product and can technically be broken down in compost, it is not a common or recommended practice. Most leather products, especially those meant for consumer use (such as bracelets, bands, bags, shoes, and clothing), are treated with various chemicals, including dyes, tanning agents, and finishes. These chemicals can leach into the compost and soil, potentially causing harm to plants and the environment.

3. Dairy Milk

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Image credits: Pixabay via Pexels

Milk is not typically added in large quantities to a compost heap due to its potential to cause unpleasant odors as it decomposes. Milk and other dairy products can attract pests and create an unbalanced compost pile. However, small amounts of milk or milk residue from containers can be added to a large compost heap in moderation. Mixing it well with the other compostable materials will help prevent strong odors and ensure it breaks down properly. That said, avoid composting milk to prevent unwanted pests from visiting the pile.

4. Starfish

While it's true that a dried-up, dead starfish can technically be added to a compost heap, be mindful of the ecological impact and local regulations. In many coastal areas, collecting or disturbing marine life, including dead starfish, may be prohibited to protect the local ecosystem.

5. Old Yogurt

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Just like dairy milk, dairy products such as soured milk can be added to the compost heap, but in moderation and mixed well with other compostable materials. That said, try not to compost dairy products, as anything slightly sour or acidic can attract pests and rodents to your pile.

6. Elmer’s Glue

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Image credits: rwkvisual via Openverse

While glue is made of various materials, some of which might be compostable, so exercise caution when considering adding glue to your compost heap. Many commercial glues contain synthetic chemicals, adhesives, and additives that may not break down easily or potentially harm the composting process and the environment. If the glue contains natural ingredients, such as plant-based adhesives, it may break down over time. In general, avoid composting glue, especially if it is a commercial product with a wide range of additives.

7. Balloons

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Image credits: oatsy40 via Openverse

While it's true that latex rubber is biodegradable, composting latex balloons or other rubber products can be a bit challenging and may not be suitable for regular home composting. Organic latex takes one to four years to break down compared to other organic materials, and the process may be slower in a traditional backyard compost heap. It’s better not to compost balloons, as latex rubber may take several years to decompose in a compost heap fully.

8. Stale Chips

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Image credits: mia! via Openverse

While potato chips (crisps) are indeed made from potatoes and biodegradable, they’re often fried in oil, and adding large quantities of oily or greasy food waste to your compost can create issues. Oils and fats can slow down the decomposition process and attract pests to your compost pile. If you have small amounts of leftover baked chips, they can be composted, but avoid adding large quantities of oily chips.

Many commercially available potato chips contain added salt and flavorings, which may not be suitable for composting. The excessive salt content can disrupt the balance of the compost and affect the microorganisms responsible for breaking down organic matter. Avoid heavily seasoned chips in your compost.

9. Cooking Oil

Cooking oils are high in fat, which can slow down the composting process. The fats can coat organic matter, making it harder for microorganisms to break down the compost pile efficiently. Besides that, cooking oils can attract pests, such as rodents and insects, to your compost pile. This can lead to unwanted infestations and make it harder to manage your compost effectively.

10. Diseased plants

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Image credits: Hans via Pixabay

Composting diseased plants can be risky and is generally not recommended because they can spread diseases, especially if high compost temperatures don’t kill the pathogens. Using compost containing diseased plant material can spread the pathogens to healthy plants, leading to an outbreak of disease in your garden.

11. Metallic wrapping paper

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Metallic wrapping paper is often coated with plastic or metallic materials, which are non-biodegradable. These materials will not break down in the composting process and will remain in the compost as debris. Moreover, they may contain inks, dyes, and other chemicals that can be harmful to the composting process and the environment. These substances can contaminate the compost and may negatively impact soil health and plant growth when the compost is used in the garden.

12. Walnutspexels-oksana-d-3358735

Walnuts produce a chemical compound called juglone, which acts as a natural herbicide. Juglone is present in various parts of the walnut tree, including the leaves, stems, and nut hulls. When composted in large quantities, juglone can inhibit the growth of other plants and harm nearby vegetation, leading to a phenomenon known as allelopathy. Walnut shells are quite durable and may take a long time to break down in a compost pile. Due to their slow decomposition rate, they can hinder the composting process and take up valuable space in the compost bin.

13. Glasschuttersnap-uv2Q_agOpRU-unsplash

Glass is not biodegradable, which means it will not break down naturally in a composting process. Instead, it will remain in the compost pile indefinitely, taking up space and potentially causing issues with the quality of the finished compost. Moreover, glass can pose a safety hazard in the compost pile. Broken pieces of glass can be sharp and cause injuries to those handling the compost or using it in the garden. Once glass is mixed in with the compost, it is challenging to separate it out. If the compost is intended for use in growing food, the presence of glass could be a health concern.

14. Plastic

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Plastic is a synthetic material that does not break down naturally through the composting process. It can persist in the environment for hundreds of years, contributing to pollution and harming wildlife. Composting plastic can contaminate the compost with non-compostable materials. It can break down into microplastics, which can be harmful if they end up in the soil and potentially in the food chain. Instead of composting plastic, it is crucial to recycle it properly. Recycling plastic helps reduce its environmental impact and conserves resources. Look for recycling programs in your community that accept different types of plastics and ensure that you dispose of plastic waste responsibly.

15. Stickers

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Image credits: Tobyotter via Openverse

Many stickers are made from materials that do not break down naturally, such as plastic or vinyl. Composting them will not result in their decomposition and can lead to plastic pollution in the environment. Moreover, stickers often have adhesive on the back, which can introduce unwanted chemicals into the compost pile. These adhesives may contain synthetic compounds that are harmful to the composting process and the environment.

16. Grocery Receipts

To ensure safe composting, avoid composting receipts that are coated with chemicals or contain substances that could potentially leach harmful compounds into the compost. If you’re unsure about the type of paper used in the receipt or if it contains coatings or chemicals, dispose of it in the regular trash or recycle it if possible. When composting paper receipts, ensure they’re free from plastic or metal parts (such as staples) that may not break down in the composting process. Shredding the receipts into small pieces can also help them break down more quickly in the compost heap.

Maintain Your Composture!

Composting is a wonderful and eco-friendly way to recycle organic waste and enrich our soil for healthier plant growth. Many natural materials, such as fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, and tea bags can be safely composted.

However, non-biodegradable materials, such as plastics, metallic wrapping paper, and stickers, should be kept out of the compost heap, as they can contaminate the compost and take a very long time to break down, if at all.

Additionally, diseased plants and weeds with seeds should be avoided in composting to prevent the spread of diseases and unwanted weeds in the garden. By being mindful of what you add to your compost pile and adhering to composting best practices, you can turn kitchen and yard waste into a valuable resource for your gardens while minimizing your environmental impact.

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